דוח מצב הכיבוש

In 2023, the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem was 391,400 . About  60% of East Jerusalem’s residents  lived below the poverty line, compared to around 38% of the general population of Jerusalem, Israel’s largest and poorest city. According to  Knesset data  from 2024, 90% of the city’s Palestinian population hold permanent residency status, 9% are Israeli citizens, and over 40% are under the age of 18.​ As detailed in this section, despite their status as permanent re

Over the past two years, human rights violations and disruptions to Palestinian life in the West Bank have escalated, resulting in loss of life, destruction, displacement, and growing economic hardships throughout the Palestinian population. Amid the war in Gaza, Israel’s 37th government has continued implementing legal and bureaucratic measures to tighten its hold over the Occupied Territories, promote de facto annexation, and extend its control into Areas B and A. The gover

From the time Israel captured the Gaza Strip in 1967 until its unilateral withdrawal in 2005, Gaza was governed by military rule. Following the withdrawal, Israel continued to control many aspects of the residents’ lives, mainly through tight supervision over the access of people, goods, and fuel to and from Gaza, as well as the provision of services. Since Hamas took control of Gaza in 2007, Israel has stepped up its efforts to isolate Gaza, significantly contributing to a c

Freedom of association, freedom of expression, and freedom of protest are fundamental rights enshrined in Israeli and international law and necessary conditions for the existence of a functioning democracy. The state may not deny or restrict these rights without justification, even during wartime or emergency periods. In fact, these rights become more vital during such times, serving as tools for public criticism of government policy and the use of military force. Sweeping re

As soon as the war broke out, thousands of Gaza residents were taken into custody and held in Israel under the Incarceration of Unlawful Combatants Law. Whether in military prisons or Israel Prison Service (IPS) facilities, these detainees were subjected to brutal conditions, and harsh abuse and neglect, including medical neglect, on an unprecedented scale. Many of them were not involved in the attack on Israel and were ultimately released as non-dangerous. At the same time,

The violations of Palestinians’ rights in the West Bank described in this section are linked to or stem directly from Israeli government policy designed to expand and further entrench its control over the area. Since the establishment of Israel’s 37 th government, and more forcefully under the cover of the war, the West Bank has undergone sweeping structural changes. Through a slew of bureaucratic measures and the transfer of broad powers from the military (responsible for m

Detainees held under the Incarceration of Unlawful Combatants Law Since the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, and the subsequent war, thousands of Palestinian residents of the Gaza Strip have been detained under the Incarceration of Unlawful Combatants Law, 5762-2002. Although initially arrested as terror suspects, according to information provided by the state  during a July 2024 court proceeding, approximately 50% of the 4,000 detainees taken from Gaza and held in Israel in

At the two-year mark since the October 7 massacre and the outbreak of the war, and three days before the ceasefire agreement entered into effect, the UN reported , based on Gaza Ministry of Health data, that 67,173 people had died in the Gaza Strip, including 20,179 minors and 10,427 women (46% of all fatalities). In addition, 170,203 people were injured, including 44,143 minors and 23,769 women. The figures provided by the Gaza Ministry of Health are supported by names and I

Starvation and famine The Gaza Strip was gripped by an unprecedented hunger crisis in the first year of the war, driven by Israeli policies that included destroying the local food and agriculture industry, displacing most of the population, months of severe restrictions on the movement and distribution of humanitarian aid, and a prolonged ban on the entry of goods for the private market. After somewhat relaxing restrictions during the ceasefire that was in effect from January